Cosy+Federation+Interiors

The cosy indoor features of Federation style

 * The interiors of Cosy Edwardian and Cosy Federation Houses**

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 * See also Edwardian style

Warmth, Light and Comfort : toc cosy //adjective// Giving a feeling of comfort, warmth, and relaxation. "the flickering lamp gave the room a cosy lived-in air" Of Edwardian lodgings: "//A wonderfully warm fireplace makes our time so enjoyable, so welcoming."//    Here I outline the Cosiness that Federation architecture introduced to the people of Australia in their own homes: >
 * of a relationship (or conversation) intimate and relaxed: "a very **cosy** little chat"
 * Synonyms: [|snug] , [|comfortable] , [|warm] , [|restful] , homelike, [|homey] , <span style="color: #660099; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5;">[|homely] <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5;">, <span style="color: #660099; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5;">[|cheerful] <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5;">,welcoming, <span style="color: #660099; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5;">[|pleasant] <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5;">, <span style="color: #660099; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5;">[|agreeable]
 * warmth
 * light
 * comfort

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small;">After the heaviness, clutter and dark colours of Victorian interiors, people wanted something new and cheerful. Edwardian style was a breath of fresh air for the English. In Australia this corresponds to the Federation period.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Federation style homes were the first ** cosy ** suburban and city homes, <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> The Federation period coincides with =Cosiness with warmth:=
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.5;">run without servants,
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.5;">and cosy because all previous styles, including Victorian, used formal or even severe interior styling, meant for show, for receiving and entertaining visitors.
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.5;">The ornamental arch or timber frieze over a doorway symbolizes the entrance to family rooms from formal rooms;
 * The front parlour in a terrace house is a hang-over from that Victorian style, rarely used but perfectly formal, should you wish to // parlez // with an important guest.
 * the mass manufacture of building materials (especially of bricks and tiles) and also of
 * mass production of interior fittings, lighting, chairs, tables and beds (sold in the new department stores),
 * and of electricity replacing gaslight, so making front and formal rooms quite useful after dark.
 * Electrical devices substituted for the labour of servants, making light work of many domestic tasks, such as vacuum cleaning, washing machines, and later dishwashers, freezers, clothes driers, and microwave ovens.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">The Federation or Edwardian ﬁreplace rejected Victorian styles and fireplace practices (Victorian fireplaces were not efficient). <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> As the Federation house expressed a desire for informality, ﬁreplaces were often moved to the corner of a room, or situated in cosy nooks and bays.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;">The ﬁreside inglenook created an informal area for reading and conversation.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;">See also Federation Fireplaces

Inglenooks
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">An **inglenook** ([|Modern Scots]//ingleneuk//), or **chimney corner**, is a small recess that adjoins a [|fireplace]. Above: Inglenook at <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">[|'Redruth' 20 Knutsford Street, Balwyn] Vic
 * Inglenooks originated as a partially enclosed hearth area, appended to a larger room.
 * With changes in building design, kitchens became separate rooms, while inglenooks were retained in the living space as intimate warming places, subsidiary spaces within larger rooms. [|[1]]
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454546; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">As rooms became more comfortable and fireplaces became more efficient, the inglenook was gradually reduced to decorative columns and pilasters.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #454546; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The trim that still surrounds our traditional fireplaces is symbolic of the inglenook — or "the little room inside a big room."

Corner Fireplaces
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> The corner fireplace is said to have been invented by Sir Christopher Wren, the famous British architect of St Paul's Cathedral and of 51 other churches of London. =Cosiness with Light:=
 * Corner fireplaces were said to have been a feature of Wren's domestic work. They consequently became a fashion at the time.
 * By 1700 the corner fireplace was used in great houses and taverns across Britain and America
 * They were introduced into Australian Federation houses after 1900 chiefly to save space, and to allow massing of the chimney stacks.
 * However, the angling of the side walls also has the beneficial effect of radiating more heat into the room.
 * In Australian Federation homes, corner fireplaces are a feature of the smaller, builder-designed homes, not the large houses, and were frequently installed in bedrooms.
 * The introduction of gas heating in the 1930s, and finally of central heating made the fireplace an anachronism.
 * [[image:https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-YM-RcY8ZX3w/Ug8caEP7UyI/AAAAAAAAQAQ/EK1aLomoDfw/s451/poco_designs_cranbrook-lane_15.jpg width="275" height="404" align="center"]] || [[image:https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-efXls9icy4Y/UQcKK1-nj1I/AAAAAAAALc0/A-8Jdoe3Iwc/s640/20%2520Knutsford%2520Street%2520Balwyn%25203103%2520e-xlrg.jpg width="512" height="385"]] ||  ||
 * [[image:https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-aOyv-j7VXuE/UbvtpQMieiI/AAAAAAAAOos/XJ7LjQ1MjYg/s349/Chapel%2520Suite.JPG caption="Langley Hall, Bendigo"]] || [[image:https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-oLNIgMgbXuc/Ul04U9z1PNI/AAAAAAAAQvs/Fv4ptaA_Rjw/s456/2320Drummoyne20Avenue2C20Drummoyne20image7.jpg width="392" height="295" caption="23 Drummoyne Avenue Drummoyne"]] ||  ||

Bay Windows
> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;">
 * <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> Bay windows became a hugely popular feature of Queen Anne residential [|architecture] in the [|British Isles] from about the 1870s and hold a continuous appeal up to this day.
 * <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> Bay windows are used to increase the flow of natural light into a building, thereby also making a room appear larger, and to provide views of the outside which would be unavailable with an ordinary flat window.

Window seats
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> A ** window seat ** is a miniature [|sofa] without a back, intended to fill the recess of a window. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
 * In the latter part of the 18th century, when tall narrow [|sash windows] were almost universal, the window seat was in high favor.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">A window seat is a seating area in an alcove or nook that is lined with windows.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">These seating areas have romantic associations, as many people idealize the sense of luxury and spare time that they suggest.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">Typically, the seat is installed in an area with an attractive view, so that someone seated in it can enjoy the beauty of the outdoors while working on a project that requires natural light, such as knitting.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">Such seats are also used for reading or simply enjoying a respite from daily life.
 * A bay window is a natural spot for a window seat.





Fanlights
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.5;">A fanlight is a window, originally semicircular or semi-elliptical in shape, with [|glazing] bars or [|tracery] sets radiating out like an open [|fan]. It is placed over another window or a doorway, and is sometimes hinged to the [|transom]. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">A transom window is the customary [|U.S.]word used for a transom light (window) above a door frame, the window over this crosspiece above the door.
 * If the bars in the fixed glazed window spread out in the manner a [|sunburst], iIt is called a "sunburst light"
 * In [|Britain], the 'transom light' above a door is usually referred to as a " [|fanlight]" if a semi-elliptical shape, and occasionally as an "overlight" or "hopper".
 * Transom windows which could be opened to provide cross-ventilation while maintaining security and privacy (due to their small size and height above floor level) were a common feature of office buildings and apartments before air conditioning became common. [|[6]]

French doors
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;"> A ** French door ** is a door style consisting of a frame around one or more transparent and/or translucent panels (called windows or lights) that may be installed singly, in matching pairs, or even as series.


 * French doors have a purpose beyond style. The windows in the door allow more light to enter a room.
 * This was important in a time before the discovery of electricity, as it allowed people to have light in their homes for a longer part of the day. Light could be admitted to hallways and interior rooms that had no other windows.
 * French doors originated in France during the 17th century as windows that reached to the floor and led onto small balconies. By the end of the 17th century, the doors were starting to appear in England as well..
 * [[image:https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-am9Ai06hZw0/UgolR1rixQI/AAAAAAAAP3Q/PSq-8TXvt9E/s470/chiritta_0004_image9.jpg.jpg width="412" height="306" caption="A set of French doors leading to a balcony from a comfortable sitting room, at Chiritta, Peppermint Grove WA"]] || [[image:https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-kqxreLdjPdA/UV-Jn6P0g0I/AAAAAAAANp0/MaZfmsjYzBU/s456/370%2520Alison%2520Road%252C%2520Coogee%252C%2520NSW%2520image14.jpg width="399" height="297" caption="Interior French doors at Wirth house, 370 Alison Road, Coogee, NSW"]] ||

Leadlight Windows
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Leadlights or leaded lights are decorative windows made of small sections of glass supported in lead cames, and <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.5;">impart elegance and romantic charm to the rooms they illuminate. ||
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.5;">This tradition is a Gothic influence, deriving from the stained glass of Gothic Revival churches.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.5;">Federation leadlight is usually inspired by Art Nouveau, and so has a fanciful, natural theme
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.5;">Complex geometric leadlight (as above left) is a Victorian style
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.5;">Simple geometric leadlight designs are associated with inter-war building styles, especially of Californian bungalows
 * [[image:https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-XfMtIN2Lgeo/UV-JpF-8nJI/AAAAAAAANqI/TGCPgUlE5rs/s456/370%2520Alison%2520Road%252C%2520Coogee%252C%2520NSW%2520image4.jpg width="363" height="274" align="center"]] || [[image:https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-rvBxQhw2LWI/UV-Jppt-SxI/AAAAAAAANqk/ee3dEqz0Nrs/s456/370%2520Alison%2520Road%252C%2520Coogee%252C%2520NSW%2520image6.jpg width="362" height="270" align="center"]] ||
 * Art Nouveau Leadlight French doors at Wirth House, 370 Alison Road, Coogee ||  Art Nouveau Leadlight door set at Wirth House, 370 Alison Road, Coogee   ||
 * [[image:https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-VhkDrvqK4VA/Um2hWT0AsNI/AAAAAAAARGg/UJaePM4jTZA/s720/WebRes7357512.jpg caption="Federation leadlight glass in 1 Hilda Crescent, Hawthorn, Victoria" link="@https://picasaweb.google.com/111063372849980216017/HawthornHeritage"]]

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Oeil-de-boeuf windows (Bull's eyes)
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;"> // **Oeil-de-boeuf** //, also // **œil de bœuf** // , ( [|French] , "bull's eye") is a term applied to a relatively small oval window, typically set in an upper section of the wall.
 * Windows of this type were originally found in the grand architecture of <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; text-decoration: none;">[|Baroque] [|France].
 * In Federation architecture, the term applies to round windows made of leadlight.
 * The term is sometimes anglicized as an "ox-eye window" but is commonly known as a 'bull's eye' window.

=<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em; line-height: 1.5;">**Cosiness with Comfort:** =

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em; line-height: 1.5;"> **Nooks**
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;"> A** Nook ** refers to a small corner formed by two walls. || || ||
 * 1) A small corner, alcove, or recess, especially one in a large room.
 * 2) A secluded or sheltered place; a retreat
 * [[image:https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/--ZnPdt2iL24/UU5URLFCzmI/AAAAAAAANaA/SxI7WCaE9AU/s512/kjx40h7s7ksqejv5y5b12ch9b.jpg link="@https://picasaweb.google.com/111063372849980216017/RandwickFederation"]]
 * A nook beneath the stairs at 12 Coogee Bay Road Randwick NSW || A reading or conversation nook in an enclosed balcony at 12 Coogee Bay Road Randwick NSW

Window nooks
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Window nooks were to be used primarily by the women of the house, who could read, take tea, tatt, knit or sew with plenty of natural light. Federation Queen Anne architecture was a feminine influence on domestic style. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">





Cosy Bathing spaces
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">This bathroom even has a nook for sunning in a balcony off the bathroom. It looks so very comfortable.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">

Cosy Verandah spaces
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;"> A ** verandah ** (from [|Portuguese] // varanda //, IPA: [|[vɐˈɾɐ̃dɐ]]  ) is a [|roofed] opened [|gallery] or [|porch]. [|[1]]
 * The word also described as an open <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; text-decoration: none;">[|pillared] gallery, generally roofed, built around a central structure. [|[2]]
 * A verandah is often partly enclosed by a <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; text-decoration: none;">[|railing] and frequently extends across the front and sides of the structure. [|[3]]
 * Australian Federation architecture used a verandah to catch breezes and
 * to prevent the summer sun heating the front rooms of the house.
 * In the evening the verandah seat can be used to catch a cooling breeze, much like the porch was used in Southern American homes.

Gazebos
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Gazebos are an outdoors small building, especially one in the garden of a house, that gives a wide view of the surrounding area. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> They provide a shaded area to use for intimate social occasions, as well as for summer meals.



<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">Cosy Games Room
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5;">The Games room was a masculine domain, used for snooker or billiards, and for smoking. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">This room seems set up for playing card games, board games or chess, not a typical use.